Are teachers equipped for experiential learning? Facilities and equipment access in school-based agricultural education programs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37433/aad.v7i3.707Keywords:
agricultural education, experiential learning, SDG 4: Quality EducationAbstract
The availability of functional facilities and equipment is a cornerstone of effective school-based agricultural education (SBAE) programs. Therefore, access to functioning facilities and equipment is essential for SBAE teachers to further the knowledge of students as they pertain to agriculture, food, and natural resource (AFNR) standards. Beyond providing practical learning experiences, adequate facilities and equipment are crucial for meeting the diverse needs of students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the availability of facilities and equipment amongst SBAE teachers in the United States across National Association of Agriculture Educators (NAAE) Regions II, III, and IV using a descriptive, survey research design. While proper facilities and equipment are a crucial for facilitating experiential learning in SBAE, we found many teachers are not properly equipped to carry out such experiences for their students. While it is important for SBAE teachers to advocate for themselves and their programs, it is paramount that support systems be provided through teacher educators, agricultural education teacher associations, agricultural education state staff, and program advisory councils in order to obtain proper equipment and facilities and the knowledge to use them. Future research should explore the impact of resource (i.e., equipment and facilities) access on teacher satisfaction and career retention.
Downloads
References
Arroyo, Y. P. V., Peñabaena-Niebles, R., & Correa, C. B. (2023). Influence of environmental conditions on students' learning processes: A systematic review. Building and Environment, 231, 110051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110051
Bada, S. O., & Olusegun, S. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 5(6), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-05616670
Baker, M. A., Robinson, J. S., & Kolb, D. A. (2012). Aligning Kolb’s experiential learning theory with a comprehensive agricultural education model. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04001
Bereiter, C. (1994). Constructivism, Socioculturalism, and Popper’s World 3. Educational Researcher, 23(7), 21–23. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X023007021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X023007021
Coleman, B. M., Bunch, J. C., & Roberts, T. G. (2024). Experiential learning in agricultural education: A philosophical discussion. Journal of Agricultural Education, 65(1), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.2479 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.2479
Dalinger, T., Pulat, A., & Asino, T. I. (2024). The intersection of teachers’ perceptions, physical classroom learning environment, and efficacy: An exploratory factor analysis. Learning Environments Research, 28, 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-024-09521-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-024-09521-0
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Simon & Schuster.
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method. Wiley. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394260645
Doss, W., Rayfield, J., Burris, S., & Lawver, D. (2021). A quantitative content analysis of survey research methods over a 40-year time period in the Journal of Agricultural Education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 62(3), 310–328. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2021.03310 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2021.03310
Fosnot, C. T. (2005). Constructivism: Theory, perspectives, and practice (2nd ed.). Teachers College Press.
Foster, D. D., Smith, A. R., Lawver, R. G., & Spiess, M. (2024). National agricultural education supply and demand project [data set]. American Association for Agricultural Education. http://nsd.aaaeonline.org
Johnson, D. M., & Shoulders, C. W. (2017). Power of statistical tests used to address nonresponse error in the Journal of Agricultural Education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(1), 300–312. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.01300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.01300
Keeton, M. T., & Tate, P. J. (1978). Learning by experience: What, why, how. Jossey-Bass.
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (1st ed.). Prentice-Hall.
Lindner, J. R., Murphy, T. H., & Briers, G. E. (2001). Handling nonresponse in social science research. Journal of Agricultural Education, 42(4), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2001.04043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2001.04043
Manning, J. K., Cosby, A., Power, D., Fogarty, E. S., & Harreveld, B. (2022). A Systematic Review of the emergence and utilisation of agricultural technologies into the classroom. Agriculture, 12(6), 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060818 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060818
McKim, A. J., Sorensen, T., Goodwin, C., & Ware Wilkinson, S. (2025). Exploring exemplary STEM lessons in agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 66(2), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i2.2906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i2.2906
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). (2021). Creating the future workforce in food, agriculture, and natural resources. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26065
Parr, B., & Edwards, M. C. (2004). Inquiry-based instruction in secondary agricultural education: Problem-solving-an old friend revisited. Journal of Agricultural Education, 45(4), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2004.04106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2004.04106
Phipps, L. J., Osborne, E. W., Dyer, J. E., & Ball, A. (2008). Handbook on agricultural education in public schools. Thompson Delmar Learning.
Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. International Universities Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11494-000
Rothenberger, B. H., & Stewart, B. R. (1995). A greenhouse laboratory experience effects on student knowledge and attitude. Journal of Agricultural Education, 36(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.01024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.01024
Rubenstein, E., Copenheaver, C. A., & Peake, J. B. (2020). Improving forestry secondary education: Identifying teachers’ needs. Advancements in Agricultural Development, 1(3), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.37433/aad.v1i3.71 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37433/aad.v1i3.71
Shoulders, C. W., & Myers, B. E. (2012). Teachers’ use of agricultural laboratories in secondary agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(2), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.02124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.02124
Twenter, J. P., & Edwards, M. C. (2017). Facilities in school-based, agricultural education (SBAE): A historical inquiry. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(3), 275–292. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.03275 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.03275
Willems, P. P., & Gonzalez-DeHass, A. R. (2012). School-community partnerships: Using authentic contexts to academically motivate students. School Community Journal, 22, 9–30. https://www.adi.org/journal/2012fw/WillemsDeHassFall2012.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Reagon Carter, Christopher J. Eck, Bradley M. Coleman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Funding data
-
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Grant numbers Research Capacity Fund (Hatch) project Accession Number 7004665