Visual Q methodology: A methodological approach to empower marginalized populations in agriculture throughout the global south

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37433/aad.v5i2.359

Keywords:

factor analysis, images, research methodology, visual analysis

Abstract

Ensuring that marginalized populations become empowered in agriculture is vital to the success of global agricultural development goals. However, these populations have reported lacking access, power, and voice. Perhaps one strategy researchers can use to address this issue is through visual Q methodology. In this methodological paper, I argue that by combining the tenets of Q and visual methodologies, researchers can offer empirically grounded findings that evoke powerful, rich insight into the perspectives of marginalized populations in agriculture who may lack the communication skills to articulate their perspectives through words. To this point, however, the approach has lacked clear guidance, which has led to diminished quality in the published literature on visual Q methodology. In response, I offer six principles to guide visual Q methodological studies moving forward: (a) relationship-building with participants, (b) participant training, (c) concourse development, (d) Q set sampling, (e) data collection, and (f) data analysis and interpretation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agard, A. C., & Roberts, R. (2020). A re-envisioned agricultural system in Thailand: The growth in human capital experienced by agriculturalists after adoption of the sufficiency economic philosophy. Advancements in Agricultural Development, 1(3), 14-26. http://agdevresearch.org/index.php/aad/article/view/67/43

Azizian, A., Watson, T. D., Parvaz, M. A., & Squires, N. K. (2006). Time course of processes underlying picture and word evaluation: An event-related potential approach. Brain Topography, 18(3), 213-232. https://www.proquest.com/openview/66daf1b9f0aeeb4fcdbab358a2d82f11/1?cbl=37296&pq-origsite=gscholar&parentSessionId=zqk70B5zkplJPKSvAFUPBrt8Iw3%2Bop%2FxkGRTXaxz24s%3D

Brown, S. R. (1980). Political subjectivity: Applications of Q methodology in political science. Yale University Press.

Brown, S. R. (2000). Q methodology in assessment and research. Kent State University.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.

Eden, S., Donaldson, A., & Walker, G. (2005). Structuring subjectivities? Using Q methodology in human geography. Area, 37(4), 413-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2005.00641.x

Emmison, M., Smith, P., & Mayall, M. (2012). Researching the visual. Sage.

Fuglie, K., Jelliffe, J., & Morgan, S. (2021). Slowing productivity reduces growth in global agricultural output. United State Department of Agriculture. https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2021/december/slowing-productivity-reduces-growth-in-global-agricultural-output/

International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2023). Let’s raise a glass to South Asia’s dairy farmers. IFAD. https://www.ifad.org/en/web/latest/-/let-s-raise-a-glass-to-south-asia-s-dairy-farmers

Kiefer, M., & Pulvermüller, F. (2012). Conceptual representations in mind and brain: Theoretical developments, current evidence and future directions. Cortex, 48(7), 805-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.006

Lee, B. (2019). Tools for collecting a concourse and selecting a Q sample. Operant Subjectivity, 41, 17-47. https://doi.org/10.15133/j.os.2019.010

Machin, D., & Ledin, P. (2018). Doing visual analysis: From theory to practice. Sage.

Mannay, D. (2015). Visual, narrative and creative research methods: Application, reflection and ethics. Routledge.

Mauldin, C. (2012). Overview of the Q interpretation process. Media Marketing Inc.

McKeown, B., & Thomas, D. (2013). Q methodology (2nd ed.). Sage.

Meinzen-Dick, R. S., Rubin, D., Elias, M., Mulema, A. A., & Myers, E. (2019). Women’s empowerment in agriculture: Lessons from qualitative research. International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133060

Mitchell, C. (2011). Doing visual research. Sage.

Naspetti, S., Mandolesi, S., & Zanoli, R. (2016). Using visual Q sorting to determine the impact of photovoltaic applications on the landscape. Land Use Policy, 57, 564-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.06.021

Pink, S. (2007). Doing visual ethnography. Sage.

Rampold, S. D., Coleman, B. M., Bunch, J. C., & Roberts, R. (2020). Exploring students’ cultural competence development during a short-term international experience: A Q-sort study. Advancements in Agricultural Development, 1(2), 65-78. http://agdevresearch.org/index.php/aad/article/view/45

Roberts, R., & Edwards, M. C. (2017). Challenges to sustaining university-community partnerships in war-torn, northern Uganda: Investigating resistance, negative stereotyping, and gender bias in agricultural students’ attachments. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 24(2), 4-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20201210174540id_/https://www.aiaee.org/attachments/article/1679/1%20Challenges%20to%20Sustaining%20University-Community%20Partnerships%20in%20War-Torn.pdf

Roberts, R., & Montgomery, D. (2017). Using epistemological positions and orientations to instruction to explore school-based, agricultural educators’ perceptual identities: A Q-sort study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(1), 151-171. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.01151

Roberts, R., Rampold, S. D., Ramage, R., & Komunjeru, B. (2020a). A typology of university agriculture students’ projected motivations to study abroad: An application of Q methodology. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 27(3), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.4148/2831-5960.1105

Roberts, R., Stair, K. S., & Granberry, T. (2020b). Images from the trenches: A visual narrative of the concerns of preservice agricultural education teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 61(2), 324-338. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.02324

Rose, G. (2022). Visual methodologies: An introduction to researching with visual materials (3rd ed.). Sage.

Richardson, L. A., & Ramlo, S. (2019). Generating a concourse using anecdote circles: Exploring students’ views of obesity. Operant Subjectivity, 41, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.15133/j.os.2019.003

Richardson, M. A., & Roberts, R. (2020). Modern women and traditional gender stereotypes: An examination of the roles women assume in Thailand’s agricultural system. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 27(4), 7-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20201228005408id_/https://www.aiaee.org/attachments/article/1807/3%20Roberts.pdf

Richardson Gilley, M. A., Roberts, R., Blackburn, J.J., & Stair, K.S. (2023). The intersection of gender, media, and policy: A qualitative analysis on Thai newspaper coverage of women in agriculture. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 30(1), 41-58. https://doi.org/10.4148/2831-5960.1079

Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Sage.

Rubin, D. (2016). Qualitative methods for gender research in agricultural development. International Food Policy Research Institute.

Schlochtermeier, L. H., Kuchinke, L., Pehrs, C., Urton, K., Kappelhoff, H., & Jacobs, A. M. (2013). Emotional picture and word processing: An fMRI study on effects of stimulus complexity. PLOS ONE, 8(2), 596-619. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055619

Simpson, S. H. (1989). Use of Q-sort methodology in cross-cultural nutrition and health research. Nursing Research, 38(5), 289-300. https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/Citation/1989/09000/Use_of_Q_Sort_Methodology_In_Cross_Cultural.8.aspx

Steelman, T. A. & Maguire, L. A. (1999). Understanding participant perspectives: Q-methodology in national forest management. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 18(3), 361–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199922)18:3%3C361::AID-PAM3%3E3.0.CO;2-K

Stephenson, W. (1953). The study of behavior: Q-technique and its methodology. University of Chicago Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1954-06810-000

Stephenson, W. (1978). Q-methodology, quantum theory, and Newton’s fifth rule. State Historical Society of Missouri.

Stephenson, W. (1980). Newton’s fifth rule and Q methodology: Application to educational psychology. American Psychologist, 35(10), 882-889. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.35.10.882

Sylvester, J. (2020). Stephenson: Defining concourses and selecting statements using Fisher’s balanced block design and Newton’s fifth rule. Operant Subjectivity, 41, 48-61. https://doi.org/10.15133/j.os.2019.008

Watts, S., & Stenner, P. (2013). Doing Q methodological research: Theory, method, and interpretations (2nd ed.). Sage.

Weber, S. (2008). Visual images in research. In J. G. Knowles & A. L. Cole (Eds.), Handbook of the Arts in Qualitative Research (pp. 41–53). Sage Publications.

World Bank. (2023, September 19). Understanding poverty: Agriculture and food. The World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/overview

Downloads

Published

2024-01-31

How to Cite

Roberts, R. (2024). Visual Q methodology: A methodological approach to empower marginalized populations in agriculture throughout the global south. Advancements in Agricultural Development, 5(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.37433/aad.v5i2.359